Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Life science research from your locality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Life science research from your locality - Essay Example The challenge is to extend systems biology over multiple scales to comprehend how subcellular processes control cell behavior and in turn, how interactions among cells lead to large scale organization at the tissue level. Such knowledge is key to unlocking the genetic foundations of morphological development and disease† (USU, 2011, par. 2). Personally, the technical definition encompassing the endeavor appears to be complex but deems to be extremely relevant in future medical and health applications. Through the genuine interest and commitment of scientists and scholars in various sciences, remarkable contributions have continued to emerge. The area of systems biology, when searched through the Google engine was defined as â€Å"an emergent field that aims at system-level understanding of biological systems† (Systems Biology, 2003, par. 1). Vast amounts of information could be accessed and learned from this particular field of endeavor. Works Cited Systems Biology. (200 3). Systems Biology – English. Retrieved 15 June 2011. Utah Pulse. (2011).

Monday, October 28, 2019

Healthcare Interview Essay Example for Free

Healthcare Interview Essay Introduction This paper is based on a conducted interview of a licensed employee of Larkin Community Hospital. This paper will include an overview of Larkin Community Hospital. It will describe the targeted department, type of work conducted in this department, and specific information that makes it unique. Furthermore, this paper will describe all responsibilities in care and will consist of questions answered by the interviewee. Overview of Larkin Community Hospital Larkin Community Hospital severed as a general hospital for those patients who in need of surgical and medical care. Larking Community is a physician-owned, acute care in bed hospital accredited by Joint Commissions. In this facility, patients will have safest and compressive care at its best quality. This facility offers a variety of services which include bariatric care, cardiology, dental care, emergency care, family practice, memory disorders, occupational health, outpatient and inpatient care, podiatry and foot, pulmonary care, mental health, surgery, and healing. It accommodates residential patients who suffer from physical or mental disabilities. As part of the Graduate Medical Education Committee, it teaches healthcare professionals of all aspects of care by monitoring and reviewing all healthcare decisions. The hospital will also implement and implement policies to ensure regulatory compliance is in order in regards to residents. Targeted Department The targeted department is the section where patients need more assistance; this is what makes facility different from the rest. In this section, resident assistance is available all hours of the day. All of the employees are trained to provide adequate care. All resident aids are first aid and CPR certified. Resident aids are available to provide ambulatory care when need for the patient. Because more care is provided in this section, there are more resident aids on the floor to make certain that all needs are fulfilled. Interviewee The person been interviewed is Ira Agastein, a resident supervisor of Larkin Hospital Community. His responsibilities is to make sure that residents are getting appropriate care by performance evaluations, make certain residents receive their medication when needed, and handling complaints by patients or their families. Agastein is in charge of enforcing implications of action plans that are developed to improve operation efficiency. As the resident aid supervisor it is his responsibility to ensure that employees (resident aids and resident aid manager) carry out their assigned duties. This will guaranteed that the department continues to improve and continue to provide the best quality of care to the patients. Career Path When asked what about his career path was, Agastein said it was to become a resident aid supervisor. Agastein began his career working as a combat medic in the Army National Guard. After a few years, he went to medical school to earn his bachelor degree in psychology. He began working shortly after his commissioning in the Army. After working in this position for 5 years, he began to shadow the resident manager learning the responsibilities of this position. A few months afterwards, he was promoted to resident manager. He knew that he wanted to go further so he began to learn the responsibilities as a resident aid supervisor. When the position was available he applied in hopes of getting the job. Because of his years of experience and acquired knowledge he was given the position. Although it can be overbearing at times, Agastein seems to love his job very much. Educational Requirements What are the educational requirements for the position? Agastein replied that there are some requirements for education where he had obtained a bachelor degree to get this position, which he did for psychology. While he was in medical school, he had to understand mental behaviors and theories relating to children and young teens. He had to deal with families suffering domestic violence and substance abuse. Also he had to working with people coming from socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds. He needed to be able to withhold the knowledge of a resident supervisor, which got him in his current position today. Did your education adequately prepare you for your job? When asked this question Agastein said that without a doubt that his formal education in medical school had prepared him for this job. Since he had worked his way up through the ranks, from enlisted to commissioned he had seen all the aspects of leadership and he was well prepared to be put into a supervisor position. What would you say is the most important attribute for success in this position? Communication is the most important part of success in any position. Agastein said that from the janitor to the director if there is no communication everything will shut down and the business will not function. With his success in her current position he says that he has learned that throughout his entire career that communication was always what got his where he wanted to be. Another attribute that he attributes to his success is good old fashioned hard work. He says that he has always had to work hard and study a lot because good grades and success in education did not come as easy to him as it did for some of his colleagues. He had to study a lot and not sleep very much through medical school but he was able to pass in the top ten percent of his class. Hard work and dedication pays off well. Conclusion Ira Agastein a resident supervisor of Larkin Community Hospital, loves every aspect of his job and feels that he is right where he needs to be in his career path. He loves working with people and being able to make sure that they are all taken care of in a way that he says would make his grandfather proud. As a 18 year service veteran as a combat medic, he looks forward to retiring from the Army in the near future but he says he probably will never leave the health care field. He has done a lot of things in his 18 year career with the army and done other things, he has spent a lot of time on his education and says that here time in medical school was all worth it. Health care is something that he love and is very good at there is nothing else he would like to do more.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Legalizing Medical Marijuana Essay -- Legal Issues, Drugs

Medical marijuana has more advantages than it does disadvantages. The reason I have chose to support medical marijuana is for one reason. My reason is because people have fear of abuse if it is legalized but in reality people are abusing it as I write this paper. A lot of states haven't legalized marijuana because it is classified as no medical use. If no medical use is found why would some states legalize it. Marijuana affects the lungs and can cause long term lung damage. Although marijuana can affect your lungs it can benefit someone way more than it can hurt them. People have done a lot of research on this topic because it is very important. Jean Charles Pariseau is a 30 year old man with AIDS. His doctor gave him three months to live, and he was taking thirty pills a day. He only weighed eighty-two pounds. His doctor recommended medical marijuana and he felt and looked like a new man. Imagine where he would be without medical marijuana. That is right dead. Hundreds of court case s and many laws about legalizing medical marijuana have been brought up. The government has had there own medical marijuana law where some patients were allowed to receive marijuana if they met the requirements. This is a very important topic because can help someone out tremendously in the medical field and it can take care or many side effects. Smoking medical marijuana may not be the difference of life or death but it will make someone feel more relaxed and better about themselves when they are going through a rough time with there particular illness. Marijuana is the term for dried leaves, flowers, or stems of the cannabis plant, known as cannabinoids. Of these cannabinoids the â€Å"most pharmacologically active is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, also... ...! The cost of the marijuana would be up to the people who is buying it. It is grown out of the ground so if the government wanted to make profit from it they can go right ahead. I think the government should just legalize it for medical use only. The way they could do this is by having individuals buy it through their doctor or even the government themselves. I think that people should get a recommendation from their doctor first. Then they should have to run it by the health department and they should be fine. There is no way to stop the abuse of the drug, but if the government would legalize it throughout the country, people could actually get the medical uses out of it. Medical marijuana could be the answer to a lot of medical mysteries for people that don't now about it. If doctors could recommend marijuana I think it would be a lot easier on everyone.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

The Impact of Women in The Iliad Essays -- Role of Women in the Trojan

Women have always been recognized for their strong influence on the actions of men. Because of his love for Delia, Samson told his secret of his power and ended up losing it. In Shakespeare's Macbeth, Lady Macbeth urged Macbeth to commit murder. More recently, Eleanor Roosevelt strongly influenced the decisions that Franklin D. Roosevelt made. Women of Homer's epic, The Iliad, were considered primary instigators of the Trojan war. The characteristics attributed to women in ancient Greek mythology may have been key to the outbreak of the war. But many ask why Homer would choose to reflect so deeply on the feminine roles of this war fought by men. Although the beginning of the war was not spoken of in The Iliad, the origin of the war is traced back to jealous goddesses. The gods and goddesses were feasting together to celebrate the marriage of Peleus and Thetis. Eris, the goddess of discord, had not been invited. She came, however, and threw among the guests a golden apple, on which was inscribed "For the fairest." Three goddesses claimed the apple. They were Hera, wif...

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Bracket International Case Study Essay

Case Review The company Bracket International has grown 78 million last year with a cost of goods sold of 61 million. Currently there are three locations in Ohio, Kentucky, and South Carolina. At the Ohio and Kentucky factories are automated flow shops and South Carolina factory focuses on small custom orders and is more of a batched process. However all three locations use a bar coding labels and scanning equipment to monitor and control the flow of material. Currently there are 8,850 items scanned per day at all three factories. The Bracket International employees work 2000 hours each year with a average salary of $5,000. A company is trying to explain why switching to a radio frequency identification device (RFID) system can save money. It will help the company to be on demand operational planning and control. The system could help speed of the process of workflow. Right now the average scan time per items is ten seconds. The ten seconds does not include the employee walking to each location to scan the bar code or replace any demanaged bar code tags. An average replacement of a tag can take as much as five minutes. To purchase a radio frequency identification device for all three locations will cost around $620,000 plus for the software programming and debugging another $480,000. There could be an error with the computer unable to read the scan and the company believes the items is lost or not recorded in the Bracket International system. This could be cost error on the equipment. This system could cut down on audits because it is a readily location inventory. Bracket International has lost a job averaging around two million per year from Wolf Furniture because they were not able to react quickly enough to change in job specification and order size. The Home Depot is expressing Bracket International needs to be more flexible and wants the radio frequency identification. The Home Depot is Bracket International number one supplier. Related Information to Text After reading about Technology and Operation Management section in our text book it give me an understanding of the different type of technology out there. According to the text they do speak about radio frequency identification and explains this technology is considered hard technology. Using technology can have a huge advantage for companies whether it be from productivity improvement from technology or cost savings from technology. Discussion Questions 1) Some advantages of radio frequency identification technology are simple to install or inject the body, human intervention is required to scan a barcode, where in most application a tag can be detected with hands off, have a long reading range, has read/write memory capability, and is able to scan without having to physically scanning (Advantages of RFID 2009). Some disadvantages are difficult to read if tag is in liquid because liquid reflect the radio waves, dead area and orientation problems, security concern, ghost tags, and high cost (RFID FAQ & Tutorial 2010). How do they compare to barcode scanner? There is no line of sight requirement, the tags can stand a harsh environment, long read range, portable database, multiple tag read/write and tracking people, item, and equipment (Pandey, K., 2010). 2) There are a few paybacks for the RFID. One of the payback could be reduce the amount of time it takes an employee to search and found the barcode take ten second while the RFID system is done in 2/100ths seconds. Another payback a RFID system does not having to redo labels that could take over five minutes. The company will be able to reduce inventory because the new system will be done in real time allowing supplier to see what needs to be restocked. All these things have a cost advantages to making the switch. 3) I think the short term would be to start doing research and getting an understanding of what it really takes an employee to do their job. Job shading would give a leader an true understanding of how long it will take to do thing. After the short term happens the long term would be doing the calculating to see if the cost advances to purchasing the equipment. If the company decides to move forward with purchasing the equipment they will need to get the employees to buy into this new equipment. Reference Advantages of RFID. (2009) Retrieve November 6, 2010, from http://www.activewaveinc.com/technology_rfid_advantage.php Moscatiello, R. (2010) Advantages of RFID. Basic Concepts in RFID Technology. Pg. 1 Pandey, K., (2010) Advantages and Disadvantages of RFID Technologies. Retrieve November 6, 2010, from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-rfid-technology.html RFID FAQ & Tutorial (2010) Retrieve November 6, 2010, from http://www.idautomation.com/rfid_faq.html#RFID_Advantages

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Essay on Enzymes Ph and Hydrogen Peroxide

Essay on Enzymes Ph and Hydrogen Peroxide Essay on Enzymes: Ph and Hydrogen Peroxide Investigating a factor that affects the rate if enzyme activity S(a) Possible Independent Variables * Concentration of substrate – different concentrations of the substrate can have an effect on the rate of reaction due to more particles in the solution therefore increasing chance of the particles colliding. * pH – different pH levels can have an effect on the rate of reaction due to the interference of bonds that hold the enzyme together in the active site. Therefore the specific substrate will not fit into the active site * Temperature - the temperature can have an effect on the rate of reaction. This is because when a substance is heated the particles will move faster therefore increasing the chance of collisions between the particles. * Concentration of enzyme – different concentrations of the enzyme can have an effect on the rate of reaction due to more particles in the solution therefore increasing the chance of the particles colliding. * Source of catalase – depending on the source of catalase you are using can also have an effect on the rate of reaction. There are many different sources of catalase such as potato, liver and spinach. Depending on which source you are using for your catalase can produce different results. I have chosen to investigate the effect of changing the concentration of enzyme on the rate of catalase activity. I have chosen this independent variable because it will be easy to monitor and change considering that the experiment is kept as fair as possible. It is also easy to measure with the equipment that is available to us. Hypothesis I predict using the information researched that the rate of reaction for the enzyme will be directly proportional to the enzyme concentration. I think the optimum rate of reaction will depend on the enzyme concentration. This is because enzymes can only react with a specific amount of substrate at a given amount of time. Therefore if you were to decrease the amount of enzyme concentration then the reaction would take longer. This is due to the fact that there will not enough particles to react with the substrate. For example if I put in 2g of potato then the reaction will be slower than if I put in 20g, which will then react faster. Variables Independent Concentration of enzyme Dependent Volume of oxygen (cm3) Control * Volume of hydrogen peroxide (cm3) * Volume of pH buffer solution (cm3) * Temperature of water in the tray * Time (seconds) It is important that all the control variables of the experiment are kept the same. This is to ensure that all of the results are accurate and reliable, and that any changes to the enzyme are caused by the change of the concentration of enzyme and no other factors. This will help to make the experiment a fair test. S(b) Equipment list * Potatoes – This is the source of the catalase enzyme. It is important that each sample is taken from the same potato to avoid any variation in catalase levels due to different potatoes. We will be using diced potatoes. This will make it easier to adjust when measuring for the concentration. It will also break open the cells, which releases more enzyme and will speed up the rate of reaction. * Hydrogen Peroxide – This is the solution we will be using as the substrate for the catalase. The volume of solution we use will be the same each time. * Safety Goggles and Lab Coats – this is to make sure that we protects our eyes and clothes from the hydrogen peroxide and the pH buffers. This is because hydrogen peroxide is a bleaching agent. * Buffer Solutions – These are the pH buffers that we will be using. We will be using the level 7 buffer solutions each time. * Boiling Tubes – The size and depth of the boiling tube will be kept the same so that the volume of solution will not vary each time we do the experiment. * Delivery Tube – The delivery tube will be used to transfer the oxygen in to the measuring cylinder

Monday, October 21, 2019

Mao Tse-Tung biography essays

Mao Tse-Tung biography essays Mao Tse-Tung was born in Hunan 1893 into a family a poor peasants who gradually risen to the status of middle class then on to rich peasants and gained merchants. He then found himself in a contradictory position. Maos poor clothes placed him in a position naturally inferior to that of his fellow classmates. This early experience may well have cause in him an unclear attitude toward social problems. Mao had a rebellious attitude because he has been treated as a low-grade person. But he also had a feeling of unity with those of the same level of power as him. Like most young Chinese at his time was exposed to a variety of modernization influences. When he was thirteen he read Warnings to the seemingly prosperous Age and he was really influenced by the book. This was a request for freedom for private enterprise.Mao loved to read Chinese literature. WMhile a student in higher primary school he read on of the books by Liang Chi-chao and a book about Kang Yu- wei and the reform movement. These two great reformers Kang and Liang became his models. If a person were to characterize Maos mind and personality and behavior it would have to be his military strength, great courage and how he is on nationalism. Mao learned more of the importance in military power from the six month he spent in the anti-Manchu army after the revolution of October 1911. Mao is the founder and first leader of the Chinese communist party. This Chinese communist party worked together to reunite China. After the bloody communist fight with nationalist Chiang Kai-shek in 1927 Mao established a base in southern Kiangsi province. He started to put into practice his ideas into practice a revolutionary peasantry by a guerrilla was against the government. Mao proclaimed the people of China on October 1st, 1949.Instead of continuing the five year plan Mao came up with two procedures; The great leap forward a wide campaign to org...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

What They Are and How They Were Formed

What They Are and How They Were Formed The word pluvial is Latin for the word rain; therefore, a pluvial lake is often thought of as a formerly large lake created by excessive rain paired with little evaporation. In geography though, the presence of an ancient pluvial lake or its remnants represents a period when the worlds climate was much different from present-day conditions. Historically, such shifts changed arid areas into places with extremely wet conditions. There are also present-day pluvial lakes that show the importance of various weather patterns to a location. In addition to being referred to as pluvial lakes, ancient lakes associated with former wet periods are sometimes put into the category of paleolakes. Formation of Pluvial Lakes The study of pluvial lakes today is mostly tied to that of ice ages and glaciation as the ancient lakes have left distinct landform features. The most prominent and well studied of these lakes are usually related to the last glacial period as this is when they are thought to have formed. Most of these lakes formed in arid locations where there was initially not enough rain and mountain snow to establish a drainage system with rivers and lakes. As the climate then cooled with the onset of climate change, these dry locations turned wet because of different air flows caused by the large continental ice sheets and their weather patterns. With more precipitation, stream runoff increased and began to fill the basins in the formerly dry areas. Over time, as more water became available with the increased moisture, the lakes enlarged and spread across places with lower elevations creating enormous pluvial lakes. Shrinking of Pluvial Lakes Just as pluvial lakes are created by climate fluctuations, they are also destroyed by them over time. For example, as the Holocene epoch began after the last glaciation temperatures around the world rose. As a result, the continental ice sheets melted, again causing a shift in world weather patterns and making the newly wet areas once again arid. This period of little precipitation caused the pluvial lakes to experience a drop in their water levels. Such lakes are usually endorheic, meaning they are a closed drainage basin that retains precipitation and its runoff but it does not have a drainage outlet. Therefore without a sophisticated drainage system and no incoming water, the lakes began to gradually evaporate in the dry, warm conditions usually found in their locations. Â   Some of Today’s Pluvial Lakes Though the most famous of todays pluvial lakes are significantly smaller than they used to be because of the lack of precipitation, their remnants are important aspects of many landscapes around the world. The United States Great Basin area is famous for having the remains of two large pluvial lakes Lakes Bonneville and Lahontan. Lake Bonneville (map of former Lake Bonneville) once covered nearly all of Utah as well as portions of Idaho and Nevada. It formed about 32,000 years ago and lasted until approximately 16,800 years ago. Lake Bonnevilles demise came with reduced precipitation and evaporation, but most of its water was lost as it overflowed through Red Rock Pass in Idaho after the Bear River was diverted to Lake Bonneville following lava flows in the area. However, as time passed and little rain fell into what remained of the lake, it continued to shrink. The Great Salt Lake and the Bonneville Salt Flats are the largest remaining portions of Lake Bonneville today. Lake Lahontan (map of former Lake Lahontan) is a pluvial lake that covered nearly all of northwestern Nevada as well as parts of northeastern California and southern Oregon. At its peak about 12,700 years ago, it covered approximately 8,500 square miles (22,000 square kilometers). Like Lake Bonneville, Lake Lahontans waters gradually began to evaporate resulting in a drop in lake level over time. Today, the only remaining lakes are Pyramid Lake and Walker Lake, both of which are located in Nevada. The rest of the lake’s remnants consist of dry playas and rock formations where the ancient shoreline was. In addition to these ancient pluvial lakes, several lakes still exist around the world today and are dependent on an areas precipitation patterns. Lake Eyre in South Australia is one. During the dry season portions of the Eyre Basin are dry playas but when the rainy season begins the nearby rivers flow to the basin, increasing the lake’s size and depth. This is dependent though on the seasonal fluctuations of the monsoon and some years the lake can be much larger and deeper than others. Todays pluvial lakes represent the importance of precipitation patterns and the availability of water for a locale; whereas the remains of ancient lakes show how a shift in such patterns can alter an area. Regardless of whether or not a pluvial lake is ancient or still existing today though, they are important components of an area’s landscape and will remain so as long as they continue to form and later disappear.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Knowledge Worker Paper-Terence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Knowledge Worker Paper-Terence - Essay Example The comparison includes their responsibilities, function, and their role. Increasingly, the paper defines my experience at Syndicate Marketing Company and how the company reflected the function of knowledge workers (Jemielniak, 2012). Knowledge workers are also referred to as free agents, human capital, or even the knowledge entrepreneurs. They constitute one of the fastest rising sectors of the workforce in the globe. The concept was first introduced by Peter Drucker in 1959, who defined knowledge workers as high-level workers who make use of their analytical knowledge and theoretical knowledge from their formal education to innovate services and products. According to Peter Drucker, knowledge is contagious and grows like an organism. The knowledge itself needs to be served and assimilated but not merely stored. The knowledge innovation created the knowledge management, which underwent revolution in 1990 to support the workers to come up processes and standard tools. Focusing on knowledge is declared as one of the values for human social and economic development. Initially, wealth was measured in terms of land. During the second wave, wealth was measured in terms of capital ownership like factories. Increasingly , the ability to own wealth was measured at the rate in which a person owns knowledge and how he employs the knowledge in creating new goods and services. The innovation was reflected on the security and cost on the product. In the knowledge era, 2 per cent of working population works on land, 10 per cent of them work on industries, while the 78 per cent are knowledge workers. The knowledge worker acquires, manipulates, interprets, and applies information to carry out complex, unpredictable, and multidisciplinary work (Davenport, 2005). The core of a firm is characterized by the knowledge workers. The firms use the knowledge, judgment,

Friday, October 18, 2019

Comparative Communication in History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparative Communication in History - Essay Example I think that this disrupts my capability of fully understanding each of the elements and information being given. As a matter of fact, I have to pause and go back to some points and move forward – skip – to the information that is related. Unfortunately, in some instances, some information were no longer pursued because it has been supplanted by another that was more interesting to the moderator, especially. This is particularly difficult, because in the chronology of events in the alphabet development, the resource speakers were talking about several places and people. At one point, they were talking about Egypt, then in Canaan, then in Syria, then, Egyptian scribe, Greeks, Phoenicians, among others. So there was several instances wherein I got confused. It was hard to follow how the alphabet really evolved or to understand whether there was one path of alphabet development in all of the locales mentioned. Near the end, I even found that were such categories as West Canaanites and that these people were the same as the Phoenicians. I am not saying that the tendency to wander on some minor topics is bad in itself. Because I think they provided the necessary background in order to understand what is being explained. However, the lack of systematic or logical flow in the delivery of the information makes it a liability, imposing so much on my capability to cope with all of the information that were suddenly coming my way. There is this discussion, for instance, about how the alphabet was being used for mundane purposes and how hieroglyphics were used as the language of the powerful, then suddenly a discussion ensued about the Phoenicians, migratory movements of the Greeks and the history of city-states. I believe that these elements were important but that they could have been placed on strategic parts and explained limitedly. The fact that the explanation of the development of the alphabet must be learned through listening from a

Sterling college scholarship opportunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sterling college scholarship opportunity - Essay Example   However, apart from helping me in my Christianity life, I believe Sterling College is the ideal place that can pursue my career from. I would like to study biology in this college and specialize in medicine as a cancer doctor specifically for children, which is my dream career. Since my childhood, I have always inspired to become a doctor so that I can help to relieve people pain, and even save the lives of those who die as a result of lack of medical services. During my holidays, one of the things I like ding most is visiting the less fortunate specifically the sick and aged. During such times, when I visit the sick in hospitals I always meet children who are diagnosed with cancer. Though being with them give me the joy of knowing that am showing passion to others I still feel I have a duty to do more than that. As such I believe that pursuing a career in medicine will place me in a better place to help such children and others and most importantly help me to achieve my dream.St erling college is the only institution with the adequate resources and a conducive environment for me to pursue this career. Additionally, in line with its mission, â€Å" to develop creative and thoughtful leaders who understand a maturing Christian faith†( internationalstudent.com) , Sterling college will not only help me to became a professional but also a Christian professional who can do my job not necessarily for the purpose of earning a living but most importantly do it for the glory of the God.

Thursday, October 17, 2019

DATA MINING Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

DATA MINING - Research Paper Example In fact, the early stages of predictive analytics involve product recommendations and behavioral targeting. Another advantage is the possibility of behavior-based advertising. In order to achieve this, the available data is analyzed to predict the areas which interest each customer and the advertisements of that area are presented to the customer. Yet another area where this predictive analytics can be useful is issues like fundraising for nonprofits. In order to do this, often, companies filter the data to identify donation amounts. Similar is the case of insurance pricing and selection. In fact, it is possible to offer individually tailored insurance packages by analyzing the available data. In addition, it is possible for insurance companies to assess insurance risk using the data. Another area where predictive analytics is highly useful is email targeting. In order to do this, companies identify the nature of the emails each customer is likely to respond to and emails are designe d accordingly. However, one of the most important areas of utilizing predictive analytics is retention of customers. It is possible to identify customer defection and attrition through predictive analytics. This will help in reaching customers immediately and effectively stopping their going away. Admittedly, associations discovery helps businesses in a number of different ways. Associations discovery involves indentifying the relationship that exists between the sales of different things or services. In simple terms, association is the discovery of various association relationships in a set of items or services. First of all, this helps organizations identify the related items a customer is likely to buy so that the customer is offered all the related items from the same company. This helps save the time and effort of the customer and ensures that the customer is retained. In addition, it ensures that companies are enabled to sell more by keeping all those items closer which are of ten sold together. Admittedly, various organizations around the world are effectively utilizing this facility. The first example is Wal-Mart. As Khattak, Khan and Lee (2010) point out, Wal-Mart uses basket analysis and clustering in order to smoothen the business transactions; and this helps the company identify the most sold products, identify the customers based on their purchasing capacity, divide the customers based on their arrival time, and identify the items of major trade. Web mining has its own unique advantages either in the form of selling more products or in the form of reduced costs. The web data collected on customers should be categorized and clustered in order to use the same for various purposes ranging from developing marketing strategies, customer relationships, and competitive analysis. It is possible for a company to utilize usage mining or web log data in order to identify a potential customer and reach out to that customer with a tempting offer. The various fo rms of web mining ranging from structure mining, usage mining and content mining offer considerable amount of marketing intelligence. This results in more personalized strategies from the part of companies, more sales, more satisfied customers and higher customer loyalty and retention. Admittedly, data mining algorithms are likely to err seriously in the real production environment. So, it becomes necessary to check their validity before using them in the real working environment. The first way of validating a particular algorithm

Integrating Civics Educations into Liberal Studie Essay

Integrating Civics Educations into Liberal Studie - Essay Example In this subject are elements of humanities, science and liberal arts, which serves to help learners have a broad outlook after completing their senior secondary level studies. Some of the areas of study in this subject include self and personal development, personal identity, and preparing for adulthood, role of an individual and society, conflict resolution and interpersonal relationship, economic restructuring, the rule of law and participation in society and politics, and finally the general quality of life (Chan, and Sin, 2005). Likewise, the curriculum development council has proposed that civic education be also introduced in both elementary and secondary schools. In the past, civic education has never been made a complete and independent subject in Hong Kong. However, recently, civic education has been strengthened, and is embedded in other subjects such as history and Chinese among others. The major aim for this subject is to strengthen learners positive attitudes and values, develop good civic and personal qualities and also create an individual vision in committing and contributing to one’s country, family and the world. The general concepts, points and evaluation mode are very powerful and strict. It has been argued that integrating this subject to liberal studies will facilitate the achievement of the goal of a making a balanced and well-rounded person, rather than making it an independent subject (China Daily, Jun 1 2011 8:42). The purpose of introducing liberal studies in China’s New Secondary Curriculum is to broaden the student’s knowledge base as well as enhance their social awareness through studying a wide range of issues. The module in the curriculum focuses on the themes, which are of significance to the society, students and the world in general. These are designed in such a way that students are enabled to make connections across various fields of knowledge

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

DATA MINING Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

DATA MINING - Research Paper Example In fact, the early stages of predictive analytics involve product recommendations and behavioral targeting. Another advantage is the possibility of behavior-based advertising. In order to achieve this, the available data is analyzed to predict the areas which interest each customer and the advertisements of that area are presented to the customer. Yet another area where this predictive analytics can be useful is issues like fundraising for nonprofits. In order to do this, often, companies filter the data to identify donation amounts. Similar is the case of insurance pricing and selection. In fact, it is possible to offer individually tailored insurance packages by analyzing the available data. In addition, it is possible for insurance companies to assess insurance risk using the data. Another area where predictive analytics is highly useful is email targeting. In order to do this, companies identify the nature of the emails each customer is likely to respond to and emails are designe d accordingly. However, one of the most important areas of utilizing predictive analytics is retention of customers. It is possible to identify customer defection and attrition through predictive analytics. This will help in reaching customers immediately and effectively stopping their going away. Admittedly, associations discovery helps businesses in a number of different ways. Associations discovery involves indentifying the relationship that exists between the sales of different things or services. In simple terms, association is the discovery of various association relationships in a set of items or services. First of all, this helps organizations identify the related items a customer is likely to buy so that the customer is offered all the related items from the same company. This helps save the time and effort of the customer and ensures that the customer is retained. In addition, it ensures that companies are enabled to sell more by keeping all those items closer which are of ten sold together. Admittedly, various organizations around the world are effectively utilizing this facility. The first example is Wal-Mart. As Khattak, Khan and Lee (2010) point out, Wal-Mart uses basket analysis and clustering in order to smoothen the business transactions; and this helps the company identify the most sold products, identify the customers based on their purchasing capacity, divide the customers based on their arrival time, and identify the items of major trade. Web mining has its own unique advantages either in the form of selling more products or in the form of reduced costs. The web data collected on customers should be categorized and clustered in order to use the same for various purposes ranging from developing marketing strategies, customer relationships, and competitive analysis. It is possible for a company to utilize usage mining or web log data in order to identify a potential customer and reach out to that customer with a tempting offer. The various fo rms of web mining ranging from structure mining, usage mining and content mining offer considerable amount of marketing intelligence. This results in more personalized strategies from the part of companies, more sales, more satisfied customers and higher customer loyalty and retention. Admittedly, data mining algorithms are likely to err seriously in the real production environment. So, it becomes necessary to check their validity before using them in the real working environment. The first way of validating a particular algorithm

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Business Plan and Business Planning Process Essay

Business Plan and Business Planning Process - Essay Example In this write-up, Stutley’s assertion that â€Å"The chief executive of the business or business unit should take overall responsibility for the plan, but the best business plans are developed by the whole†¦.for an enterprise-wide plan, all departments†¦should contribute to the planning process and the final documentation† (2007, 17) shall be linked to how an all-inclusive policy in the construction of a business plan can lead to successes for companies. Difference between business plan and business planning process Ward (2000) explains that â€Å"a business plan is a document that summarizes the operational and financial objectives of a business and contains the detailed plans and budgets showing how the objectives are to be realized.† Giving a closely related definition, Berry (2011) explains that â€Å"a business plan is any plan that works for a business to look ahead, allocates resources, focus on key points, and prepare for problems and opportunities.† On the other hand, Gleeson (2011) posits that â€Å"the business plan process is simply the steps you go through and actions you take when producing a business plan.† From these definitions, the differences that can be drawn between a business plan and the business planning process are that whereas a business plan is a document, the business planning process is an action. Again, whereas a business plan is an end product, the business planning process is a means to an end and is actually the means that results in a busine ss plan. To this effect, it can be said that an effect business planning process leads to a workable and effective business plan.

Types of dementia and common signs and symptoms Essay Example for Free

Types of dementia and common signs and symptoms Essay The term ‘dementia’ describes a set of symptoms which can include loss of memory, mood changes and problems with communication and reasoning. These symptoms occur when the brain is damaged by certain conditions and diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. †¨Age is the greatest risk factor for dementia. Dementia affects one in 14 people over the age of 65 and one in six over the age of 80. However, dementia is not restricted to older people: in the UK, there are over 17,000 people under the age of 65 with dementia, although this figure is likely to be an underestimate. Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s disease affects around 496,000 people in the United Kingdom and is the most common cause of dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is a physical disease which affects the brain. It was first described by a German neurologist, Alois Alzheimer. During the course of the disease, protein plaques and tangles develop in the structure of the brain, leading to the death of brain cells. People with Alzheimer’s also have a shortage of some important chemicals in their brain which are involved with the transmission of messages. †¨Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease, meaning that over time more parts of the brain are damaged. As this happens, the symptoms become more severe. †¨People in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease may experience lapses of memory and have problems finding the right words. As the disease progresses, some symptoms that a person may experience are: Confusion; frequently forgetting the names of people, places, appointments and recent events. Mood swings; feeling sad or angry, or scared and frustrated by their increasing memory loss. Withdrawal; due to either a loss of confidence or communication problems. Difficulty when carrying out everyday activities; a person with Alzheimer’s may get muddled checking their change at the shops or become unsure how to work the television remote. So far, no one single factor has been identified as a cause for Alzheimers disease. It is likely that a combination of factors including  age, genetic inheritance, environmental factors, lifestyle and overall general health, are responsible. In some people, the disease may develop silently for many years before symptoms appear. Vascular Dementia Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease. It is caused by problems in the supply of blood to the brain. Brain cells need a good supply of blood in order to be healthy and function properly. Blood is delivered through a network of blood vessels called the vascular system. If the vascular system within the brain becomes damaged and blood cannot reach the brain cells, the cells will eventually die. This can lead to the onset of vascular dementia. †¨Factors that can increase a person’s risk of developing vascular dementia include: A medical history of stroke, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes (particularly type II), heart problems or sleep apnoea (where breathing stops for a few seconds or minutes during sleep). A lack of physical activity, drinking more that recommended levels of alcohol, smoking, eating a fatty diet or leaving conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes untreated. A family history of stroke or cardiovascular disease. An Indian, Bangladeshi, Pakistani or Sri Lankan ethnic background as differences in vascular risk factors (such as heart disease) in these communities may contribute to the increased risk. An African-Caribbean ethnic background. There are different types of vascular dementia: Stroke-related dementia, sub-cortical vascular dementia and mixed dementia (vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease). The difference between these types depends on what has caused the damage in the brain and which part of the brain has been damaged.†¨Common signs and symptoms of vascular dementia may include: Problems with speed of thinking, concentration and communication. Depression and anxiety accompanying the dementia. Symptoms of a stroke, such as physical weakness or paralysis. Seizures. Periods of severe confusion. Visual mistakes and misperceptions (for example, seeing a rug as a pond). Changes in behaviour (for example, restlessness). Difficulties with walking and unsteadiness. Hallucinations and delusions. Problems with continence. Psychological symptoms such as becoming more obsessive. Dementia with Lewy Bodies Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a form of dementia which shares characteristics with both Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. It accounts for around 10% of all cases of dementia in older people and tends to be under-diagnosed. †¨Named after the doctor who first identified them in 1912, Lewy bodies are tiny, spherical protein deposits found in nerve cells. Their presence in the brain disrupts the brain’s normal functioning, interrupting the action of important chemical messengers. Lewy bodies are also found in the brains of people with Parkinson’s disease, a progressive neurological disease that affects movement. †¨Dementia with Lewy bodies is also a progressive disease, which means that over time the symptoms will become worse. DLB progresses at about the same rate as Alzheimer’s disease, typically over several years. Symptoms of DLB can include: Problems with attention and alertness, often have spatial disorientation and experience difficulty with ‘executive function’, which includes difficulty in planning ahead and co-ordination mental activities. Memory is affected, although it is typically less so than in Alzheimer’s disease. Slowness. muscle stiffness. trembling of the limbs, a tendency to shuffle when walking, loss of facial expression and changes in the strength and tone of the voice. Experience detailed and convincing visual hallucinations, often of people or animals. Find that their abilities fluctuate daily or hourly. Fall asleep very easily by day, and have restless, disturbed nights with confusion, nightmares and hallucinations. Faint, fall or have ‘funny turns’. Researchers have yet to understand fully why Lewy bodies occur in the brain and how they cause damage. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) is a rare form of dementia. Rarer forms of dementia account for around only 5% of all dementia cases in the UK. †¨CJD is caused by an infection protein in the brain called a prion. These prions accumulate at high levels in the brain and cause irreversible damage to nerve cells. There are four main types of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: Sporadic CJD, variant CJD, familial or inherited CJD and iatrogenic CJD. Sporadic CJD, which normally affects people over 40, is the most common form of the disease. It is estimated that the disease affects about one out of every 1 million people every year. There may be many years between a person being infected and the development of symptoms. Symptoms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease include: Loss of intellect and memory. Change in personality. Loss of balance and co-ordination. Slurred speech. Visual problems and blindness. Abnormal jerking movements. Progressive loss of brain function and mobility. Most people with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease will die within a year of the symptoms starting, usually from infection. This is because the immobility caused by the disease can make people with the condition vulnerable to infection.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Zang Fu Doctrine in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Zang Fu Doctrine in Traditional Chinese Medicine 1.0. Introduction Traditional Chinese medicine brilliantly in a poetic way explains the basic concepts of the correspondence between man and nature, the integrity of human body and mind, and maintenance of a dynamic balance of life activities under the influence of the internal and external environments. Confucianism and Daoism philosophies summarized and synthesized knowledge and lay the foundation for establishing a unique theoretical system for Traditional Chinese medicine. The generative and revelatory perceptions in the traditional Chinese medicine explain that the heart is the master of Zang fu. The heart is free and gives orders to its officials the zang fu organs. The heart in Chinese medicine is the totality of psychological, physiological, intellectual, and spiritual interaction with Zang fu unity. This unity is controlled by the master heart. Heart is considered as Sovereign fire (Jun Hou) and minister fire (Chen Hou), having double aspects yet being one Zang. The word Xin (Heart) is imbedded in the Chinese culture, and language and is present in centre of thought and Chinese medicine. In western terms Heart can be considered as a physically internal organ that pumps blood for circulation in terms of its bodily functions However, in Chinese it is the conception of the mental Heart, which has a long and rich cultural history through which the concept of heart has been formed. In Chinese the Heart is called Xin and referred as the organ of thinking and the seat of thought and emotions. The fundamentals of Chinese Medical Theory gives various functional qualities of the Heart and this epistemology arises from Taoist observation, Confucian reflection. Confucianism and Daoism are the two poles of one and the same axis The traditional Chinese medicine is an indispensable treasure house of the splendid classic culture. They differ, but both considered Heart as the locus of governance. 1.2 Discussion Anatomical Description The Heart is described in the canon of medicine and the classic of Difficulties (1st or 2nd B.C.) as an organ situated in the thorax with its apex contacting the diaphragm and the Lungs, and its beat can be seen or felt under the nipple, serving as the source of the pulse beat. Inside the heart there are seven hollow places. And surrounding the heart is the pericardium. The Heart looks like a lotus in bud, below the lungs and above the liver. (Yi Xue Ru Men or the ABC of Medicine, 1575). This refers to the same organ as in western medicine. (Zhufan, 1985). Heart Physiology and Pathology Bottom of Form Top of Form Bottom of Form The main physiological function of the Heart is to govern blood and to control the mind. . Governing Blood (Xue) Heart beats derive blood to circulate continuously through the vessels to nourish all  Parts of the body. This is achieved by Heart blood in the vessels and the dynamic  force that drives the blood called Heart Qi. Controlling the mind (Shen) The function of the heart to control the mind is known as the heart storing spirit. Broadly refers to dominator of life activities and in narrow sense a collective term for cognition, thinking, consciousness and mental states. The heart governs the mental activities. The Role of Zang Fu Doctrine in TCM: The doctrine Zang Fu is the theory of organ manfestations.This theory originated as early as 2000 years ago and its description appeared in the classic book The Canon of Medicine. Zang-fu is a collective name for all internal organs. There are five zang organs-the Heart, Lungs, Spleen, Liver and Kidneys, and six Fu organs-the Gallbladder, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Bladder, and Triple energizer. Also there are extraordinary organs-the brain, marrow, bones, vessels, and uterus (also the Gallbladder).Zang organs transform, produce and store and do not discharge whereas Fu organs are hollow and transport, digest food and discharge. The extraordinary organs store essential substance except the gallbladder stores bile and discharges.it. The Heart is a vital zang organ and governs the life activities of the whole body. It is called an organ of monarch in Huangdi Neijing. (Wu changguo,zhu zhongbao,2002) The Table.1 shows the relationship between heart and body, the sensory organs and the orifices: Table 1. Relationship between Heart and Zang-Organ Network and sensory orifices The heart and body inter-relationships: 1. The Heart governs and controls the blood vessels The Heart governs the blood in two ways: Transforming Food-Qi into blood. Circulation of blood similar to western medicine. Although in Chinese medicine the lungs, spleen and liver play a role in the circulation of blood. The vascular system is directly connected with Heart, and the blood circulating within the vessels is driven by Heart Qi. 2. The Heart reflects in the complexion The colour and luster of the complexion depends on the circulation of blood. A rosy and lustrous complexion is a sign of healthy Heart. 3. Relations with the Fluids Both sweat and liquid part of blood originate from the fluid assimilated from food and drink. The sweat and blood have the same source. Blood is ruled by Heart and sweat comes from the liquid part of blood, so it is called the fluid of the Heart. The close relationship between blood and sweat exists not only in physiological conditions but also in pathological changes. 4. Housing Mind Spirit (Shen) The Heart houses the mind. TCM sees the Heart as the organ that is responsible for the mind’s activities. Among all mental activities, shen is utmost important. Shen means the comprehensive manifestation of life activities, such as spirit, consciousness and thinking. There is a close relation between the blood and shen.As Blood gives energy for mental activities. Only when the blood circulation normal can shen be in good order. Being the supreme ruler the Heart not only rules all the physical activities of other zang-organs, but also governs all the mental activities related to other zang-organs. The seven emotions and the five modes of the wu shen all are regulated by Heart. Wu shen modes are attributed to zang-organ networks as shown below: Table.2 Attribution of Mental Activities and Emotions to Zang-Organs Shen dominates the movement of blood (yin) and Qi (yang) and this factor is core factor in the Chinese medicine. Shen controls Jing and Qi, which are the founding substances of the body. Although Shen is dependent on pre-natal and post natal Jing Qi for a continuous supply Shen require blood for all activities. Blood distribution takes place through the blood vessels, and the blood vessels house Shen.Huang Neijing (,) Since the mind resides in the Heart and if the heart blood is strong a person will asleep easily and the sleep will be sound. When the mind has no residence it will cause inability to fall asleep leading to a disturbed sleep. Therefore all dreams are related to the Heart. 5. Heart Paired with Small Intestine Zang organs are paired and provide residence to shen. And the Fu organs provide transportation. Fu organs store and discharge materials. The relationship between Heart and the small intestine Is of similar nature. The small intestine separates pure nutrients and from the turbid waste Then Spleen absorbs, and transports and transfers the clear nutrients to the zang –organs for storage. Water waste is discharged by the Kidneys. And solids discharges by Large intestines. The small intestines is closely related to the Heart physiologically and pathologically through its meridians connected with Heart Meridian. 6. The Heart opens into the tongue The heart masters the tongue (she) (suwen chapter 5) Tongue is seen as a mirror of heart or offshoot of the Heart Heart and tongue are internally connected with each other. The heart controls the colour, form and appearance of the tongue. Especially the tip of tongue. It also controls the sense of taste. The heart influences the tongue, talking and speech. 7. The Protection shield of Heart As an organ Pericardium is closely related to the Heart as the outer membrane covering of the Heart providing a shield. Against exterior pathogenic attacks. The Pericardium has similar functions as the Heart. Pericardium has deep influence on the state of the main especially emotional state. Heart being the supreme zang organ needs maximum protection and Pericardium is its last line of defense before any exterior pathogen penetrates the Heart. Therefore pericardium and Heart have a very close relationship. 1.3 Conclusion The traditional Chinese medicine extensively shares the world view of ancient Chinese philosophy, that the human as an integral part of nature and as replica of the universe, so that they correspond to each other in various ways. Cosmological theories of yin-yang, the five elements, and the Qi explain the formation of the universe. Chinese linguistic evidence shows that the Chinese Xin Heart is culturally conceptualized in the central faculty of cognition, which is the agent of thinking, feeling, understanding, knowing, reasoning and judging, as the seat of both mental and emotional lives of a human being. Chinese Heart is simultaneously mental, spiritual, moral, intellectual, rational, volutional,  Temperamental, and emotional. There are no two hearts but one single zang having two  aspects. 1.4 References. Michael Gershon, author of The Second Brain  a short history of Chinese philosophy of Fung Yu-LAN 1966: 17-19   wu changguo,zhu zhongbao,2002)

Saturday, October 12, 2019

The Atomic Bomb :: American America History

The Atomic Bomb The atomic bomb is a powerful, explosive nuclear weapon. It is fueled by the fission of the nuclei of specific amounts of plutonium or uranium, in a chain reaction. The strength of the explosion created by one of these bombs is equal to the strength of an explosion created by thousands of tons of TNT. To detonate one of these bombs, enough mass of plutonium or uranium must be provided to reach what is known as "critical mass." Critical mass is the mass at which the nuclear reactions going on inside the material can make up for the neutrons that are leaving the material through its outside surface. These materials are usually separated within the bomb so that critical mass cannot be reached until the bomb is ready to explode. Once the chemical reactions within the bomb begin, the neutrons released by each reaction hit other atoms and create more fission reactions until all the material is scattered, or completely exhausted. This process releases enormous amounts of energy in the form of extreme heat and a massive shock wave. These nuclear explosions, in addition to their pressure waves, high winds, and flash burns, produce deadly radiation that contaminates soil and water, and destroyed living matter. The atomic bomb was first created in the early twentieth century. Physicists in the United States and Europe had discovered that the fission of uranium could be used to create a deadly explosive weapon. A letter was sent to U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt by Albert Einstein that described this discovery and warned him of its potential dangers if developed by other nations. The Manhattan Project was established by the U.S. government in 1942 so the country could develop an atomic device. A team under the command of United States Army Brigadier General Leslie R. Groves designed and built the first atomic bombs, directed by J. Robert Oppenheimer. This type of bomb was first tested at Alamogordo, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945. The amount of energy that was released by this explosion alone was equivalent to twenty thousand tons of TNT. Many nations have tested nuclear devices, in the atmosphere, under the earth, and under the oceans. Only the United States of America, Russia, Great Britain, France, and China openly admit to possessing these nuclear weapons. Many other nations, however, are thought to have the capability to assemble these items quickly.

Friday, October 11, 2019

pluto :: essays research papers

Pluto Come wander with me, she said, Into regions yet untrod; And read what is still unread In the manuscripts of God. - Longfellow Although Pluto was discovered in 1930, limited information on the distant planet delayed a realistic understanding of its characteristics. Today Pluto remains the only planet that has not been visited by a spacecraft, yet an increasing amount of information is unfolding about this peculiar planet. The uniqueness of Pluto's orbit, rotational relationship with its satellite, spin axis, and light variations all give the planet a certain appeal. Pluto is usually farther from the Sun than any of the nine planets; however, due to the eccentricity of its orbit, it is closer than Neptune for 20 years out of its 249 year orbit. Pluto crossed Neptune's orbit January 21, 1979, made its closest approach September 5, 1989, and will remain within the orbit of Neptune until February 11, 1999. This will not occur again until September 2226. As Pluto approaches perihelion it reaches its maximum distance from the ecliptic due to its 17-degree inclination. Thus, it is far above or below the plane of Neptune's orbit. Under these conditions, Pluto and Neptune will not collide and do not approach closer than 18 A.U. to one another. Pluto's rotation period is 6.387 days, the same as its satellite Charon. Although it is common for a satellite to travel in a synchronous orbit with its planet, Pluto is the only planet to rotate synchronously with the orbit of its satellite. Thus being tidally locked, Pluto and Charon continuously face each other as they travel through space. Unlike most planets, but similar to Uranus, Pluto rotates with its poles almost in its orbital plane. Pluto's rotational axis is tipped 122 degrees. When Pluto was first discovered, its relatively bright south polar region was the view seen from the Earth. Pluto appeared to grow dim as our viewpoint gradually shifted from nearly pole-on in 1954 to nearly equator-on in 1973. Pluto's equator is now the view seen from Earth During the period from 1985 through 1990, Earth was aligned with the orbit of Charon around Pluto such that an eclipse could be observed every Pluto day. This provided opportunity to collect significant data which led to albedo maps defining surface reflectivity, and to the first accurate determination of the sizes of Pluto and Charon, including all the numbers that could be calculated therefrom. pluto :: essays research papers Pluto Come wander with me, she said, Into regions yet untrod; And read what is still unread In the manuscripts of God. - Longfellow Although Pluto was discovered in 1930, limited information on the distant planet delayed a realistic understanding of its characteristics. Today Pluto remains the only planet that has not been visited by a spacecraft, yet an increasing amount of information is unfolding about this peculiar planet. The uniqueness of Pluto's orbit, rotational relationship with its satellite, spin axis, and light variations all give the planet a certain appeal. Pluto is usually farther from the Sun than any of the nine planets; however, due to the eccentricity of its orbit, it is closer than Neptune for 20 years out of its 249 year orbit. Pluto crossed Neptune's orbit January 21, 1979, made its closest approach September 5, 1989, and will remain within the orbit of Neptune until February 11, 1999. This will not occur again until September 2226. As Pluto approaches perihelion it reaches its maximum distance from the ecliptic due to its 17-degree inclination. Thus, it is far above or below the plane of Neptune's orbit. Under these conditions, Pluto and Neptune will not collide and do not approach closer than 18 A.U. to one another. Pluto's rotation period is 6.387 days, the same as its satellite Charon. Although it is common for a satellite to travel in a synchronous orbit with its planet, Pluto is the only planet to rotate synchronously with the orbit of its satellite. Thus being tidally locked, Pluto and Charon continuously face each other as they travel through space. Unlike most planets, but similar to Uranus, Pluto rotates with its poles almost in its orbital plane. Pluto's rotational axis is tipped 122 degrees. When Pluto was first discovered, its relatively bright south polar region was the view seen from the Earth. Pluto appeared to grow dim as our viewpoint gradually shifted from nearly pole-on in 1954 to nearly equator-on in 1973. Pluto's equator is now the view seen from Earth During the period from 1985 through 1990, Earth was aligned with the orbit of Charon around Pluto such that an eclipse could be observed every Pluto day. This provided opportunity to collect significant data which led to albedo maps defining surface reflectivity, and to the first accurate determination of the sizes of Pluto and Charon, including all the numbers that could be calculated therefrom.

Mom Is Most Influential in My Life Essay

People have had someone to influence them in their lifetime at some time or another, but my biggest influence in my life is my mom. I can’t but admire my mom’s strength and her wisdom. I am a strong believer in the saying â€Å"like father†, â€Å"like son† goes with both genders, however, I do think that this is more a result of following example rather than a result genetics. It is common knowledge that not everyone is perfect, even heroes, and in realizing this I know. Although I wish to be like my mom in most ways I do not at all. This realization may be one of the most important things I have learned, my mom has taught me to be firm in my decisions in life, not solely on the examples and actions of others but simply on what I gather and learn from the examples and actions of others. In other words, she has taught me not to follow blindly but to make my own decisions based on what I think is important. The things I have learned and continue to learn from my mom are continuous; she has taught me all of the founding principles of my life and for that I am very thankful. Read more:  Admiration speech essay My mom has an enormous influence on me because she always encourages me to do my best, taught me to be a survivor and finally mom influences me by is always helping needy. People have had someone to influence them in their lifetime at some time or another, but my biggest influence in my life is my mom. I can’t but admire my mom’s strength and her wisdom. I am a strong believer in the saying â€Å"like father†, â€Å"like son† goes with both genders, however, I do think that this is more a result of following example rather than a result genetics. It is common knowledge that not everyone is perfect, even heroes, and in realizing this I know. Although I wish to be like my mom in most ways I do not at all. This realization may be one of the most important things I have learned, my mom has taught me to be firm in my decisions in life, not solely on the examples and actions of others but simply on what I gather and learn from the examples and actions of others. In other words, she has taught me not to follow blindly but to make my own decisions based on what I think is important. The things I have learned and continue to learn from my mom are continuous; she has taught me all of the founding principles of my life and for that I am very thankful.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Most Difficult Thing I Ever Learned to Do

â€Å"the most difficult thing I ever learned to do† Most pepole have learned many things to do and some of the learning is the hardest of the others . For me ,The most difficult thing I ever learned to do in is how to live as an immigrant . Most of all,The lack of English proficiency was a barrier to a better life. When I came to the United States ,I couldn't find any word to express my self in English. Learning english was not easy for me especially when you want to learn academic English as third language .However ,my friends said â€Å"If you do feel that English is not easy don't worry you are not the only one â€Å". I know that who I am not the only onehas this problem. I don't give up, I'll try to do my best as good as possible. The second reason why moving to the United States was so hard to me,living to a different country has opened my eyes to many cultural differences. I was not sure If american society would accept me or if any one could ever talk to me. Iran ha s a very different cultural background in the ways of seeing things,traditions,and interpreting the world .I often felt torn between the U. S. culture and culture of mine. It took time to overcome these problems and communicate effectively across cultures. Another reason ,Since I lived with my parents I had never experience living alone . As an independent person , I have a lot of things to handle them such as working and money mangment . I can't imagine how could I organize all of these by myself . Probably, living independently can brings to be more responsiblility,but for me it was one of the hardest things I hade to leran in the U.S. The Last reason things were difficult for me , I had to control my emotions . When I migrated to another country ,I began a new life without support and attention of my family . I became far away from Enviroment which was full of sweet bitter memories and this fact got me depressed. After several month,I found some way to control my emotions and to make myself happy . Now , I think living in U. S. is the hardest thing i learned to but definetly It taught me â€Å"the past is past , live now† and I can it do if I want to do.

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Franny by J.D. Salinger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Franny by J.D. Salinger - Essay Example D. Salinger while making reference to appropriate texts. The paper will expound on the subject, the subtitles and the ambiguities within the story (Lutz, p. 73). In the book, the author talks about Franny and the weekend date that she has with her boyfriend from college (Slawenski, p. 48). The name of her boyfriend is Lane Coutell. Franny’s location in the book remains unclear. We only know that she arrives by train from a college that is similar to Smith and she intends to spend her weekend at a college that appears to be Princeton, watching the Yale game (Lutz, p. 99). During her journey, she is seen carrying a book with her that is called ‘The way of a Pilgrim’. The book is a Russian religious text that talks about the importance of spiritual illumination and the idea of praying continuously (Slawenski, p. 119). When Franny meets with her boyfriend Coutell, the pair goes out to lunch. Coutell takes Franny to a very fashionable hotel room and tries to create a l asting impression by telling her of how his has received a proposal to publish his latest paper on Flaubert (Lutz, p. 14). The irony of all this is that Franny appears to be upset by the news rather than be excited and jovial about it. She wonders how college education has been important to Lane and questions the worth of the friends that Lane keeps (Slawenski, p. 12). During their lunch, Franny does not eat anything but spends most of the time smoking continuously. She gets really uncomfortable and this can be seen in the sweating and feelings of faintness that she experiences. This leads her to excuse herself and head to the rest room where she cries for some time until she regains her composure. When she returns to their table, her boyfriend Lane begins to question her about the small book that she had brought with her. She responds by telling her boyfriend the name of the book in full and tells him what the story is all about, praying without ceasing. Franny goes on and on with the story and Lane appears to be bored and less interested about it. He is only concerned with the timetable of the football game and the party they had purposed to attend (Lutz, p. 103). When all this is happening, Franny faints and Lane has to tend to her. This means that the party, the football games and all other activities that had been planned for the weekend are postponed (Slawenski, p. 44). When Franny wakes up from her fainting, her boyfriend Lane goes to get a taxi and leaves Franny alone and she starts to practice the praying without ceasing that she had read about (Lutz, p. 23). The author of the text tries to release his inner emotions and thoughts about Hindu  Advaita  Vedanta and Zen Buddhism through the characters used in the book. He was popularly known for his deep interest in these eastern religious philosophies (Lutz, p.13). In a short section in the second part of the book, the author has quoted certain spiritual texts. These include the Zen koan which he ha s likened to the prayer of Jesus Christ who is the son of God (Slawenski, p. 92). When the second section of the book is being introduced, the narrator of the book, Buddy Glass, brings the debate as to whether the book is a love story or a mystical discussion. Some critics and other authors have been quoted saying that the book, Franny and Zooey, can simply be interpreted to mean a modern Zen tale whose

Tuesday, October 8, 2019

Simulation in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Simulation in Nursing - Essay Example Based on these approaches, they state that simulation should entail techniques used to represent direct replication of the original object for purposes of detailed learning of the same object; for instance, the exposure of some vital parts which cannot otherwise be seen or studied using the real phenomenon (Larew, sessions, Spunt, Foster, & Covington, 2005). As Jha, & Bates (2001) note, simulation technique has made it easy for medical practitioners to acquire adequate hands on skills in providing adequate medical care to all patients seeking services. It has helped in building all round experts capable of handling various complications in the medical field with minimum errors compared to those made in the past. Extreme complications for instance excess hemorrhaging in mothers giving birth, occasionally resulting into deaths have been arrested. Minimizing perinatal hemorrhaging is the main agenda behind the introduction of simulation in medical education since it is the major source of death in delivering mothers (Adams, 1999; Alspach, 1995). This paper investigates the importance of simulations in obstetrics education aimed at minimizing prenatal hemorrhage, as well as analyzes the impacts of simulation and its benefits in obstetrics education. Introduction Excess hemorrhaging can cause death of mothers if not stopped soon after birth. Much blood is even lost in cases of caesarean deliveries where a c- section has to be cut as compared to cases of normal birth (Benner, 1984; Adams, 1999; Kahol K., 2009). There is, therefore, a great need for delivering mothers to be prevented from loosing a lot of blood during and after birth. It is estimated that about 140,000 deaths occur annually with 1 woman losing life every four minutes due to OB hemorrhage (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 1998). Between 1995-1999 maternal mortality due to OB hemorrhage in the United States of America was 14%, leading to the second cause of death in the region, cardiomyopath y 21% (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2002). The majority of these deaths is however reported to be 93% preventable if care providers had been more vigilant, recognized the risk and symptom to intervene early (Benner, 1984; Seymour et al, 2002). This is actually in line with the WHO report in 2007 on OB hemorrhage which indicates that OB hemorrhage is one of the most preventable causes of maternal mortality. Driven by the dire need for immediate attention and response to such vital conditions, most institutions have resorted to using simulation techniques to train nurses and gynecologists in the field of obstetrics. Benner, Hooper-Kyriakidis, & Stannard (1999) point out that simulation education is currently becoming the most preferred mode of education and training in most institutions offering training for nurses and gynecologists. Different kinds of simulators have been identified for use by various institutions and training organizations. As a result, the chances o f survival among mothers giving birth have been increased over the last few years (Adams, 1999; Case, 1995).

Monday, October 7, 2019

Motorsports Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Motorsports - Research Paper Example the Formula Drift, as a case study. The case study intends of explaining how parameters are set up by the judges and the format is seriously followed which clearly indicates that the sports is being institutionalized pointing to the fact that there would be further maturity in the area in the future. Various variables have been taken in the study to relate Drifting with institutionalizing which includes the seriousness of parameters, the techniques used by expert drifters along with the other similar patterns. After a thorough study and literature review, it can evidently be stated that Drifting is taking a serious shape where efforts are being made to institutionalize the sports which is otherwise considered as too risky and too hazy to be taken seriously. Drifting is a kind of motorsports where the driver is expected to over-steer, rather intentionally or even unintentionally. This over-steering makes the driver lose traction in the rear wheel or sometimes even in all of the tires at the same time maintaining some level of control over entry to the exit of one of the corners. It may looks like the car is drifting exactly when the rear slip angle is higher than the slip angle at the front. That too, to such an extent that the front wheels are directly pointing towards the direction opposite to the turn, for instance while a car may be turning left while wheels are pointing towards the right (the technique popularly referred to as the opposite lock). (Bryant 2004) Being one of the most enthusiastic forms of motorsports, nowadays a lot of drifting competitions are being held at various levels, some even at the most advanced levels where professionals have also been participating. Also, the competitions are nowadays mature enough since t hey are judged discreetly by standards of precision and competition in speed, showmanship, angle and even the line taken via set of

Sunday, October 6, 2019

Allocation of Funds in the DOE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Allocation of Funds in the DOE - Essay Example This document will show the reasons for the re-allocation of the monies toward viable sources of energy, and will also outline the importance of energy conservation as a tool in adjusting from hydrocarbon fuel sources to the alternative energy source formats. Current Distribution of Funds, in millions, for 2011 Projected Distribution of Funds, in millions, for 2012 $100M Nuclear Energy $100M Nuclear Energy $145M Fossil Fuels $45M Fossil Fuels, until projected phase-out $75M Alternative Energy Sources ($40M for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells) ($90M for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells) ($15M for Solar Energy) ($10M for Wind) ($25M for Wind) ($10M for Biomass) ($0 for Water Power) ($40M for Water Power) $30M Energy Conservation and Weatherization $50M Energy Conservation and Weatherization Our planet is in crisis. We are technologically more advanced than ever, but our advancement comes at a price. We need to face the reality that our energy consumption is far exceeding the fuel resources we are using to sustain our lifestyle. Wood, coal, petroleum - each resource we have employed since we discovered how to turn energy into power has become a part of the global problem which it is now too late to solve: how do we save our planet from ourselves? In reviewing the alternatives for energy sources and the technologies currently exploring those alternatives it is my recommendation, based upon the book The End of Oil by Paul Roberts, that the following areas merit the bulk of the available funds: Energy Conservation and Weatherization, Nuclear Energy, and of the alternative energy sources that have been explored, Hydrogen and Fuel Cells. The abundance of a given resource is a deciding factor in determining which technologies merit funding. The question is which resource will carry us the farthest, making it the most worthy of investment? Let us consider the merits of the various resources, starting with coal, which falls under the category of fossil fuels. Coal was literally the corner stone of the Industrial Revolution at the turn of the last century. (27, Roberts) However, in the twenty-first century, with a century of pollution having adulterated our environment, Roberts points out that we have no choice but to consider cleaner sources of energy. Coal did, however, replace wood as an energy source, and it was able to achieve a technological leap previously impossible with wood: â€Å"Newcomen’s engine took the process one step further, by converting the heat energy from combustion into the physical, or mechanical, energy of work.† (28) Still, as a renewable energy source, it is found lacking. Coal and other fossil fuels are finite resources, making them unworthy of further financial investment. The Department of Energy is hereby charged with managing the re-allocation of funds to renewable sources of energy. The Department of Energy must also utilize the re-allocated funds in the Energy Conservation category to maximum advantage, for the following reason: â€Å"Changing our energy sources has historically been a highly disruptive process.† (15, author) This is to say that whenever people have negotiated the transition from one energy source to another, the change is slow to take effect because the existing technology works best with the resources currently

Saturday, October 5, 2019

Central bank Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Central bank - Assignment Example Low education levels as well as underdevelopment are also a common feature in these countries and thus making them depend on foreign labour. In a strive to improve their economy, the GCC countries have tried to diversify their economic activities after realizing that the natural resources are in the process of getting depleted and therefore inculcated capital intensive projects (Cobham & Ghassan 2011). Although most investments are done nationally, it is evident that all these countries have a common goal and thus face a common problem of acquiring capital. In response to this the financial sector, which plays a critical role in economic diversification, the GCC countries have taken the initiative to develop it. The development of financial sector has been done individually with each country operating guided by its own principles. However in2009, the central bank of the GCC was proposed that would collectively operate across the whole GCC region. The GCC banking system is more of a w eb of different structures and situations rather than a homogeneous block. This is contrary to all other economic activities that tend to be common. It is to this reason that the central bank was formed (Cobham & Ghassan 2011). . ... However the location of the central bank of GCC is completely different from that of the European central bank. This creates a doubt on the overall efficiency of the proposed GCC central bank. it therefore deems necessary to understand the banks functions and objectives as well as its pros and cons, that is sources of failure as noted by other people. Discussion Structure The proposed GCC central bank will be a central bank for a common currency to be established in the GCC region. Its capital stock will be owned by the central banks of the major countries, dividing it according to their GDP ratios. Since the bank has not been established yet, its headquarters have not been stated clearly. As the GCC is located in the Arab region with almost every member country being Muslim dominated, then the bank has to take into consideration the Muslims way of living in addition to pursuing its usual activities. Relation with European Central Bank Being a multinational financial institution, the proposed GCC central bank portrays several similarities with the European central bank. Firstly, the formation of the bank aims at unifying the currency for the member states. However, there are debates that the GCC region might not be ready for a common currency. The main retardant to attaining the common currency, which also acts as the major difference between the location of the ECB and the GCC central bank is the lack of the political consensus in the latter. A common currency requires a set of common rules and regulation to prevent inflation and other economic disasters that result from inappropriate money supply trends (Cevik, Teksoz & International Monetary Fund 2012). Self-adjusting mechanism has been seen to fail after the 2008

Friday, October 4, 2019

Saving the Pacific Salmon Essay Example for Free

Saving the Pacific Salmon Essay Salmon are one of the most important fish species in the world, and in the Pacific Northwest the fish are a way of life for many species of plants and animals, including humans. The major problem that humans are facing is that the population of wild salmon is dangerously low as compared to historic numbers due to over-fishing and human degradation (including dams, chemical pollution and land use impacts. ). Pacific Salmon are now extinct in forty percent of the rivers they once thrived in (Four Fish). Zoologist George Suckley stated in 1854, that the Pacific coast salmon were â€Å"one of the striking wonders of the region these fish. astonish by number, and confuse with variety. †(In a Sea of Trouble) and that â€Å"The quantities for salmon which frequent these waters is beyond calculation, and seems to be so great as to challenge human ingenuity to effect it in any way. † (In a Sea of Trouble). In order to get a better grasp on the problems humans are causing we need to first understand the salmons life cycle. In the Pacific Northwest there are five different species of salmon: Chinook, Pink, Dog, Coho, and Silver. All of which are anadromous basically meaning that they live in both fresh and salt water. These fish start life hatching many miles upstream on the gravel beds in rivers on the pacific coasts of North America, and Asia, were they grow into smolts as they are carried downstream to the sea. Once at sea the salmon spend one to seven years maturing. Then for reasons unknown to scientists, a homing impulse triggers them to make an astonishing journey back to the very river or tributary they were hatched in (Salmon). At least that is how it is supposed to work. When Lewis and Clark made their famous expedition nearly two centuries ago they marveled at the â€Å"great quants. of Salmon† they had seen in the Columbia River in Washington State, which in 1860 produced sixteen million salmon annually. Today the figure has dropped to less than one million respectively (Where the Salmon Rule). In 1990 not one sock-eye salmon out of a population of thousands made its way back to its spawning area in Redfish Lake, Idaho (In a Sea of Trouble). The brutal decline is emblematic of the problem. Biologists Willa Nehlen, Jack Williams, and James Litchatowich reported that of the hundreds of distinct native populations that were once common to the Pacific Coast are disappearing. Of the original stocks 106 are extinct, 102 definitely face extinction, fifty-eight are at moderate risk, and fifty-four are a matter of concern. All in all the report said that 214 natural spawning routes are in very serious trouble (Fish-eries Mar. /April issue). What possibly could be the reason for the sharp decline of this life giving species of fish? HUMANS. Let’s start with dams. The first half of the twentieth century, in order to harness the power of the rivers in the Pacific Northwest for producing electricity, and producing water for irrigation in the semi-arid valleys, countless dams were built. The engineers that built these structures had the salmon in mind during the design phase. They constructed fish ladders and artificial falls designed to allow the upstream passage for the salmon past all the concrete now blocking the rivers vital to the species. On the Columbia River alone eight major dams were built, while a spattering of additional smaller dams were plugging up the tributaries. There was something that the engineers did not account for and that is for each existing dam five to fourteen percent of adult salmon moving upstream cannot find the fish ladders, or if they do end up getting lost in the vast reservoirs created between dams. And worse yet the engineers designed the ladders and artificial falls for fish moving upstream, not the smolts making their way downstream to the Pacific Ocean. It is estimated that we lose ninety percent of the smolts that count on the flow of the river to carry them to the Ocean. Instead the juvenile fish get caught and mutilated in the screens or die due to predation in the reservoirs (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife). Another huge problem to the choked rivers is land degradation. Every year the U. S. Forest Service sanctions timber and grazing practices on the national forest lands in the regions that are ecologically prudent to native salmon populations. The clear cutting, roadways, and destruction harm the salmon that make it through the dams indefinitely. Salmon need cool clean water to survive the journey to their spawning grounds, and the logging industry cuts all the trees down, which in turn lets more radiation from the sun hit the water and heat it up. The trees being cut down speeds up the erosion of the soil, which pours into the streams making them very dirty which suffocates the eggs and alevins. Road and rail construction causes land-slides that block rivers (The Plundered Seas). A study conducted by the Forest Service looked at several hundreds of miles of streams in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho counting cool clean pools that are critical to wild salmon. They found that fifty to seventy-five percent of the pools were gone in the most heavily logged areas. Those areas that were spared still remained stable or even gained pools over the last fifty years. One of if not the largest problem is that of overfishing. Humans with their large boats and drift nets sometimes spanning thirty miles in length, gill nets and fish wheels can catch salmon by the millions. Alaska alone harvests 200 million fish annually to keep up with the demand. The United States, which is limited by strict total allowable catch quotas (TAC’S) that monitor and limit the overall weight of fish which fishermen may land, based on advice by scientists, and is enforced by the U. S. Fish and game Service. Although sometimes the TAC is wrong, and the U. S. takes to many fish we are not the main problem here. It is the other countries that illegally set their nets in our waters to poach salmon by the millions. Specifically the Taiwanese fishing fleets whose thousands of miles of netting plucked at least by estimate of the NMFS eight million illegal salmon last year (NMFS). Also the NMFS estimates that at least twenty million West Coast salmon are caught illegally every year. As it stands now according to 1996 study Factors Contributing to the Decline of Chinook Salmon estimates that in recent years harvest impacts on Puget Sound Chinook salmon stocks have been quite high on average sixty-eight to eighty-three percent of the wild stock has been taken by fishing. And that is a problem when you consider the other factors that man has created that impede or harm native stocks. Pollution from pulp mills, industry and agriculture has also had a devastating effect salmon. Aluminum pollution has had a particularly horrible effect on the gills of the salmon. The aluminum mutates the thin mucous membrane from which the fish takes its oxygen and keeping out potentially damaging microbes into a crusty damaged organ that inhibits the fish’s ability to transition from fresh to salt water (Nature’s Crusaders). Also it has been found that mixtures of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides that are commonly detected in freshwater streams and reservoirs that support endangered species of salmon. What happens is the pesticides can inhibit the activity of acetyl cholinesterase which is a hormone secreted to aid in neural function (The Synergistic Toxicity of Pesticide Mixtures). Several of these chemicals when mixed together in relatively low doses have proven to be fatal for the salmon, whereas individually the chemicals in the same doses are non-lethal. In the late nineteenth century man noticed that there were less salmon in the waters of the Pacific Northwest and something had to be done to supplement the commercial fishermen’s catch. Thus came the idea of hatcheries. Hatcheries work like this: Salmon that are returning to spawn in their home rivers are captured. These captured fish contain both males and females. The eggs are taken from the females, and the sperm is taken from the males and mixed together to form fertilized eggs. The eggs are then incubated, where the hatched fish are placed in holding tanks to grow and develop. When adequate growth is reached the fish are released into the river where they make their way to the ocean, mature and return back to the hatchery or spawning grounds. This practice makes the survival rates increase because there are no predators in hatcheries and their environment stays constant plus food is abundant. So what is the problem with hatcheries you might ask? The answer is genetic diversity. The fish that come to the hatcheries (which are set up along rivers) get a lot of the same fish back every year. Currently, most of the fish in the hatcheries are fourth, fifth, and sixth generation stocks from the hatchery. These fish keep being bred with genetically similar fish, which weakens the population as a whole. On the Columbia River in 2006 8,157 oho salmon were caught for a study to determine how many were hatchery fish, and the results were shocking. Of those fish 6,234 were hatchery fish leaving only around 1900 as wild stock (The End of the Line). Without genetic diversity the salmons’ immune systems get weakened and they become more susceptible to diseases that normally wouldn’t affect them. Also a concern for hatcheri es is that they grow larger than their wild counterparts and evidence suggests that the larger hatchery fish kill wild stock due to predation (Northwest fisheries Science Center). Hatcheries are also known to have disease outbreaks that can be transmitted to wild stock. Now that I have shown that there is a problem let’s take a look at what lower numbers of salmon effect in their environment. When Salmon make their epic runs up the rivers of the Pacific Northwest not all survive. Bears numbering in the hundreds stand in the rivers plucking fish out of the water trying to put on pounds and pounds of fat to get them and their cubs through the long northern winters, and the salmon are the bears’ main source of calories (Planet Earth). When the salmon runs are abundant the bears only eat the skin, brain, and eggs of the fish because they are the parts with the highest calorie content. So along the shores of the rivers lie thousands maybe even hundreds of thousands of carcasses that are free for the taking by wolves, coyotes, fox, raptors, insects and any other opportunistic animals. These remains are vital to the overall health of many different species of land animals, not to mention plants as well. Even after the animal kingdom has had their way with the carcasses there is still rotting flesh and bone that gets left behind. A study of fifty different watersheds in the Great Bear Rainforest on British Columbia’s central coast says that the predation of salmon provides a â€Å"potent nutrient subsidy† that drives plant growth in the surrounding forest. Numbers nearing fifty percent of the salmon are getting carried to the forest, with the remaining fish that make it to the spawning grounds to reproduce and die ending up decomposing on the banks. The study observed everything from lichens to shrubs and found that nitrogen loving plants were thriving in these areas (The Vancouver Sun Mar. 25, 2011). The areas that did not have the salmon were not as robust. When the salmon decompose carbon and nitrogen get released into the soil. That coupled with animal scat makes for very rich fertilizer making the forest grow thick and lush (Hanley and Schnell 1998). When dealing with an issue of this scope one must take into consideration the many obstacles that will present themselves, such as how to regulate the many countries that have access to the Pacific Ocean. How will funding be provided for the operation? How to peacefully find an alternative for those who depend on salmon for their family’s livelihood. Continuing research for hatcheries and the money that will be needed and so on and so forth. My plan to preserve the pacific salmon is multi-tiered and complex, but if the people involved can be agreeable a sacred and valuable species can be saved. First the issue of regulating all the coastal countries for poachers must be addressed. I propose that these countries involved start a salmon fishing enforcement bureau that is a combined and comprehensive unit tasked to regulate, seek out, and enforce the laws and regulations with steep penalties decided by a committee comprised of representatives from each respective country. Secondly I propose that all commercial fishing be halted until the populations of salmon can recover. Once recovered then commercial fishing can be continued at a reasonable rate as advised by the bureau’s biologists. Doing this would outrage the fishermen who depend on salmon for their income, but there is a solution to this as well. The misplaced fishermen will have the option to be trained free of cost, (made possible by government funding) and assigned jobs at salmon farms and hatcheries, also the processing plants that butcher and package the salmon. While the fishing ban is in effect the nation will rely on fish farms to provide salmon for consumption by humans. Except those indigenous peoples (such as the Indian Tribes and Inuit) that will be given rights to a predetermined number of fish for their freezers to be consumed. To address the problem that the hatcheries and farms produce regarding disease and inbreeding the government will redirect money in the national budget to enlist the help of the foremost experts in the field to figure out ow to eliminate disease and genetically diversify the stocks coming from the farms and hatcheries. Next the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers will demolish dams at strategic locations to allow the salmon free passage up their streams and rivers. To supplement the cheap electricity that will be lost, wind and solar farms will be set up to get electric to customers that the dams supplied electric to. Also we will utilize available technology to modify the dams in a way that all migrating fish will know where to go, and receive safe passage through the structure. Logging companies will be mandated to not build roads or clear cut trees any closer than 1 mile from a salmon spawning river or tributary unless it is deemed necessary by the U. S. Division of Parks and Recreation. Enlisting the help of the EPA would be a priority. The EPA could ban the use of certain pesticides that contain aluminum in their chemical makeup, and test farmers land to regulate and arrest (if necessary) those in violation. In closing I would like to state that the future of the Pacific salmon is clouded by all of the problems I listed in the above paragraphs. And it was we who have created this problem, so it has to be we who fix it. Implementing the plan I have devised will be challenging, tough and expensive, but if the American people can be patient and understanding I know we can come together as a country and fix our mistake and save the salmon. We have to. Salmon are more than fish; they are one of the last great symbols of the west, and givers of life to so many people, plants, and animals. To lose them due to non-natural causes (like we did the bison) would be a travesty. The world would quite literally be a lot less beautiful without them, and I cannot imagine it. Can you?